Maximal and ventilatory threshold responses to treadmill and water immersion running

Frangolias, Rhodes · 1995 · Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise 27(7):1007–1013

What this work gives Aellic

In water the heart rate runs lower than on land: 190 versus 175 bpm maximal (15 bpm) and 165 versus 152 bpm at the ventilatory threshold (13 bpm). Without an offset, every HR zone systematically overestimates intensity in water.

Correction of 25 July 2026

The comparison is made at maximal exertion and at the threshold, NOT at equal oxygen uptake — the VO₂ values differ as well. And the authors attribute the difference to muscle recruitment, water viscosity and the absence of weight bearing, not to hydrostatic pressure plus the diving reflex; that explanation was Aellic's own addition.

The entry on the register was wrong. It was not replaced but kept, with what holds instead standing next to it.

Where this sits in the engine

1 declared site: constants and thresholds in the code that point at this entry.

Training Training load — zones, TRIMP, ACWR 1 site

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